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1:09 PM, Thursday, March 6, 2008

Utility software

1) Disk formatting

To divide up the surface of a disk into more easily manageable sectors.

Disk formatting is the process of preparing a hard disk or other storage medium for use, including setting up an empty file system. A variety of utilities and programs exist for this task; pictured to the right is the iconic FORMAT.COM of MS-DOS and PC-DOS.

2) File handling

To manage the files that are stored on a computer system.

temporary reference (typically a number) assigned by the operating system to a file that an application has asked the OS to open. The handle is used throughout the session to access the file.

3) Hardware drivers

Used to control communication between computer and peripherals.

A device driver simplifies programming by acting as a translator between a device and the applications or operating systems that use it. The higher-level code can be written independently of whatever specific hardware device it may control. Every version of a device, such as a printer, requires its own specialized commands. In contrast, most applications access devices (such as sending a file to a printer) by using high-level, generic commands, such as PRINTLN. The driver accepts these generic statements and converts them into the low-level commands required by the device.

4) File compression

Reduces size of files without the loss of any detail.

data compression or source coding is the process of encoding information using fewer bits (or other information-bearing units) than an un-encoded representation would use through use of specific encoding schemes. For example, this article could be encoded with fewer bits if one were to accept the convention that the word "compression" be encoded as "comp." One popular instance of compression with which many computer users are familiar is the ZIP file format, which, as well as providing compression, acts as an archiver, storing many files in a single output file.
Compression is useful because it helps reduce the consumption of expensive resources, such as hard disk space or transmission bandwidth

5) Virus checker

Used to check any files on or entering the system for viruses.

Examining (scanning) files to look for known viruses matching definitions in a virus dictionary Identifying suspicious behavior from any computer program which might indicate infection. Such analysis may include data captures, port monitoring and other methods.