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9:57 PM, Saturday, March 8, 2008

example & function of each of the Mode of Operation

1) Single program operation

The Operating System supervises the loading and running of one program at a time and the input and output of data from and to peripheral devices.

2) Multiprocessing

Multiprocessing is the use of two or more central processing units (CPUs) within a single computer system. The term also refers to the ability of a system to support more than one processor and/or the ability to allocate tasks between them. There are many variations on this basic theme, and the definition of multiprocessing can vary with context, mostly as a function of how CPUs are defined (multiple cores on one die, multiple chips in one package, multiple packages in one system unit, etc.).

Multiprocessing sometimes refers to the execution of multiple concurrent software processes in a system as opposed to a single process at any one instant. However, the term multiprogramming is more appropriate to describe this concept, which is implemented mostly in software, whereas multiprocessing is more appropriate to describe the use of multiple hardware CPUs. A system can be both multiprocessing and multiprogramming, only one of the two, or neither of the two.


3)Multiprogramming

the execution of two or more computer programs by a single computer.

Several different programs in batch were loaded in the computer memory, and the first one began to run. When the first program reached an instruction waiting for a peripheral, the context of this program was stored away, and the second program in memory was given a chance to run. The process continued until all programs finished running.

4) Batch Processing

A popular computerized batch processing procedure is printing. This normally involves the operator selecting the documents they need printed and indicating to the batch printing software when and where they should be output. Batch processing is also used for efficient bulk database updates and automated transaction processing, as contrasted to interactive online transaction processing (OLTP) applications.
It allows sharing of computer resources among many users.

There is no interaction between the user and the computer during batch processing.
One or more programs are submitted to the computer as a job and put in a batch queue until it is their turn to be run.

5) Real - time processing

data processing fast enough to keep up with an outside process.

Real-time systems can be be of different types; process control, information storage and retrieval and transaction processing.
In any of these systems, the data input to the computer must be processed immediately. A fast response is required but whereas a few seconds delay may be acceptable in an information retrieval system, response must be instantaneous in a process control system which might for example be monitoring a chemical reaction and so on.